controller (English name: controller) refers to the master device that changes the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and changes the resistance value in the circuit to control the start, speed regulation, braking and reverse of the motor in accordance with the predetermined order. Composed of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator and operation controller, it is a "decision mechanism" that issues commands, that is, to complete the coordination and command of the operation of the entire computer system.

The controllers commonly used in automation factories are plc, industrial computer and so on.

(ProgrammableLogicController, PLC programmable logic controller), it USES a programmable memory, used for its internal storage procedures, to perform the logic operation, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as user-oriented instructions, And control various types of machinery or production processes through digital or analog input/output.

Industrial PC (IndustrialPersonalComputer, IPC) industrial control computer, is a kind of the bus structure, the production process and the mechanical and electrical testing equipment, process equipment and control tools. Industrial computer has important computer attributes and characteristics, such as computer CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and interfaces, and has an operating system, control network and protocol, computing power, friendly human-machine interface. The products and technologies of the industrial control industry are very special and belong to intermediate products, which provide reliable, embedded and intelligent industrial computers for other industries.

2. Firm executor of robot automation factory

A Robot is a mechanical device that performs work automatically. It can be commanded by humans, run pre-programmed programs, or act according to principles developed with AI technology. Its mission is to assist or replace human work, such as manufacturing, construction, or hazardous work. Robots are generally composed of actuators, driving devices, detection devices, control systems and complex machinery.

Industrial robots are generally used in factories, and the most significant characteristics of industrial robots are as follows:

(1) Programmable. The further development of production automation is flexible start-up. The industrial robot can be reprogrammed according to the changing needs of its working environment, so it can play a good role in the flexible manufacturing process of small batch and many varieties with balanced and high efficiency, and is an important part of the flexible manufacturing system.

(2) Personification. Industrial robots in the mechanical structure similar to human walking, waist rotation, big arm, forearm, wrist, claw and other parts, in the control of the computer. In addition, intelligent industrial robots have many "biosensors" similar to humans, such as skin-type contact sensors, force sensors, load sensors, vision sensors, acoustic sensors, language functions, and so on. Sensors improve the adaptability of industrial robots to the surrounding environment.

(3) Versatility. In addition to specially designed special industrial robots, general industrial robots have better versatility when performing different tasks. For example, the replacement of industrial robot hand end operators (claws, tools, etc.) can perform different tasks.

(4) Industrial machine technology involves a wide range of disciplines, which can be summed up as a combination of mechanics and microelectronics - mechatronics technology. The third generation intelligent robot not only has a variety of sensors to obtain external environment information, but also has artificial intelligence such as memory ability, language understanding ability, image recognition ability, reasoning and judgment ability, which are the application of microelectronics technology, especially the application of computer technology. Therefore, the development of robotics will certainly drive the development of other technologies, and the development and application level of robotics can also verify the development level of a country's science and technology and industrial technology.

Today's industrial robot technology is gradually developing towards the direction of having the ability to walk, having a variety of sensing capabilities, and having a strong ability to adapt to the working environment. At present, the most influential countries in the development of global robotics technology are the United States and Japan. The United States is still in the leading position in the comprehensive research level of industrial robot technology, and the number and type of industrial robots produced in Japan ranks first in the world.

(1) Technology advanced industrial robots set precision, flexibility, intelligence, software application development and other advanced manufacturing technology in one, through the process implementation of testing, control, optimization, scheduling, management and decision-making, to achieve increased output, improve quality, reduce costs, reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution, is the highest embodiment of industrial automation level.

(2) Technology upgrade Industrial robots and automation equipment with fine manufacturing, fine processing and flexible production and other technical characteristics, is a new generation of production tools after power machinery, computers, a comprehensive extension of human physical strength and intelligence, is an important means to achieve production digitization, automation, networking and intelligence.

(3) A wide range of applications Industrial robots and automation equipment is the key equipment in the production process, can be used in manufacturing, installation, testing, logistics and other production links, and is widely used in automotive vehicles and auto parts, construction machinery, rail transit, low-voltage electrical appliances, electric power, IC equipment, military, tobacco, finance, medicine, metallurgy and printing and publishing and other industries. The application field is very wide.

(4) Technology comprehensive industrial robot and automation technology, concentrated and integrated a number of disciplines, involving a number of technical fields, Including industrial robot control technology, robot dynamics and simulation, finite element analysis of robot construction, laser processing technology, modular programming, intelligent measurement, modeling and processing integration, factory automation and fine logistics and other advanced manufacturing technology, technology comprehensive.

3. Servo motor automates the power of the factory muscle

servomotor (servomotor) refers to the engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system, and is a supplementary motor indirect transmission device. The servo motor can control the speed, the position accuracy is very accurate, and the voltage signal can be converted into torque and speed to drive the control object. Servo motor rotor speed is controlled by the input signal, and can react quickly, in the automatic control system, used as an executive component, and has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant, high linearity, starting voltage, etc., can convert the received electrical signal into the angular displacement or angular speed output on the motor shaft. Divided into DC and AC servomotor two categories, its main feature is that when the signal voltage is zero, there is no rotation phenomenon, and the speed decreases with the increase of torque.

servomechanism (servomechanism) is an automatic control system that makes the output controlled quantity of the object's position, orientation, state, etc. follow any change of the input target (or given value). The servo mainly depends on the pulse to position, basically can be understood in this way, the servo motor receives a pulse, it will rotate the corresponding Angle of a pulse, so as to achieve displacement, because the servo motor itself has the function of pulse, so each rotation Angle of the servo motor, will emit the corresponding number of pulses, so that the pulse accepted by the servo motor echoes. Or closed loop, so that the system will know how many pulses are sent to the servo motor, and how many pulses are received back, so that the rotation of the motor can be controlled very accurately, so as to achieve accurate positioning, which can reach 0.001mm. Dc servo motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors. Brush motor has low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed regulation range, easy control, and needs maintenance, but the maintenance is not convenient (change the carbon brush), electromagnetic interference, and the environment is required. Therefore, it can be used in cost-sensitive general industrial and civil applications.

Brushless motor small size, light weight, large output, fast response, high speed, small inertia, smooth rotation, torque stability. The control is complex, easy to achieve intelligence, its electronic commutation mode is flexible, can be square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. The motor is maintenance-free, high efficiency, low operating temperature, small electromagnetic radiation, long life, and can be used in a variety of environments.

2, AC servo motor is also a brushless motor, divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors, the current motion control is generally used synchronous motor, its power range is large, can achieve a lot of power. Large inertia, low maximum rotational speed, and rapidly reduced with the increase of power. Therefore, it is suitable for low speed and smooth operation applications.

3, the rotor inside the servo motor is a permanent magnet, the driver control of U/V/W three-phase electric electromagnetic field, the rotor rotates under the action of this magnetic field, while the motor comes with the encoder feedback signal to the driver, the driver according to the feedback value and the target value to compare, adjust the rotor rotation Angle. The accuracy of the servo motor is determined by the accuracy of the encoder (number of lines).

The difference between AC servo motor and brushless DC servo motor in function: AC servo is better, because it is sine wave control and torque ripple is small. Dc servo is trapezoidal wave. But DC servo is simpler and cheaper.

4. Sensors automated factories feel the sense of touch of external information

Transducers (English name: Transducers) are a detection device. Transducers can sense the measured information and convert it into electrical signals or other required information output according to a certain pattern to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. It is the primary link to realize automatic detection and automatic control.

In order to get information from the outside world, people must use the sensory organs.

However, the function of people's own sensory organs in the study of natural phenomena and laws and production activities is far from enough. To adapt to this, sensors are needed. Therefore, it can be said that the sensor is an extension of the human features, also known as the electric features.

With the advent of the new technological revolution, the world begins to enter the information age. In the process of using information, the first thing to be solved is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and the sensor is the main way and means to obtain information in the natural and production fields.

In modern industrial production, especially in the automated production process, various sensors should be used to monitor and control the various parameters in the production process, so that the equipment works in the normal state or the best state, and the product can achieve the best quality. Therefore, it can be said that without many excellent sensors, modern production will lose its foundation.

In the basic subject research, the sensor has a more prominent position. The development of modern science and technology has entered many new areas: for example, to observe the vast universe of thousands of light-years on the macro, to observe the particle world as small as fm on the micro, to observe the evolution of celestial bodies for hundreds of thousands of years on the vertical, as short as the instant reaction of s. In addition, there has also been a variety of extreme technology research that has an important role in deepening material understanding, exploring new energy and new materials, such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, ultra-high pressure, ultra-high vacuum, ultra-strong magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic field and so on. Obviously, it is not possible to obtain a large amount of information that is not directly accessible to human senses without appropriate sensors. Many basic scientific research obstacles, first of all, is the difficulty in obtaining object information, and the emergence of some new mechanisms and high-sensitivity detection sensors often lead to breakthroughs in this field. The development of some sensors is often a precursor to the development of some fringe disciplines.

Sensors have long penetrated into extremely broad fields such as industrial production, space development, ocean exploration, environmental protection, resource investigation, medical diagnosis, bioengineering, and even cultural relics protection. It is no exaggeration to say that from the vast space, to the vast ocean, and even a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modernization project is inseparable from a variety of sensors.

It can be seen that the important role of sensor technology in developing the economy and promoting social progress is very obvious. All countries in the world attach great importance to the development of this field. It is believed that in the near future, sensor technology will take a leap forward and reach a new level commensurate with its important position.